How have forms of violence against women changed over time and how far these mutations correspond to gains in women's agency? This study led by Nazish Brohi and is supported by a Countering Backlash, Reclaiming Gender Justice Seed Grant from the Institute of Development Studies (IDS). It will use the framework of "patriarchal backlash" which encapsulates a range of measures across countries that oppose and aim to reverse gains for gender justice, to understand the trajectory of violence against women and honour crimes. The study will also look at how notions of masculinity have evolved with the crime over the last decade. It will focus on crime statistics from Sindh as well as in-depth interviews with women and men from families which have been exposed to "honour killings".