The Collective for Social Science Research was commissioned by the World Bank to undertake a risk assessment of the political environment of the BISP. The study aimed to provide an understanding of the political climate around the BISP as it was likely to affect the programme - its operation as well as planned developments such as the expansion of Waseela-e-Taleem (WeT) which is an educational co-responsibility transfer under the ambit of BISP, and the updating and wider adoption of the National Socio Economic Registry (NSER) for social programming. The assessment was based on a review of secondary material, stakeholder interviews, and a scan of newspaper coverage relating to BISP.